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The Last Rashidun Khulafaur
‘Ali bin Abi Thalib was born around 13 Rajab 23 SH/599 A. D. – died 21 Ramadan 40 Hijri/661 A. D.) was the fourth ruling caliph and the first Shia Imam. He was among the first Muslims and one of the Prophet's main companions. Ali was a cousin of the Prophet Muhammad. Ali's marriage to Fatimah az-Zahra also made him the son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad.
As one of the early followers of Islam, Ali has been involved in various major roles since prophetic times, although his age is relatively young when compared to the other Prophet's main companions. Ali followed all wars, except the War of Tabuk, the patron of the banner, also serving as secretary and messenger of the Prophet. Ali was also appointed as the leader of the army during the Khaibar War.
Ali bin Abi Talib was one of the companions of Prophet Muhammad SAW who became the last Rashidun or Islamic leader after the Prophet died. Ali was the fourth or last Caliph.
Ali ibn Abi Talib was a cousin of Prophet Muhammad. Ali's father Abu Talib was the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad. Ali, whose real name is Haydar, was born in Makkah on 13 Rajab, 10 years before Prophet Muhammad was made an apostle.
Since birth, Ali was raised by the Prophet Muhammad. The figure of Ali was already an entertainer for Muhammad who at that time did not have a son. The Prophet Muhammad was the one who named Ali.
His Majesty prefers to call Haydar by the name of Ali because it has a high degree meaning in the side of Allah SWT.
When the Prophet was made an apostle and began to preach, Ali was among the first to believe in him. Ali belongs to the assabiqunal awwalun or the people who first converted to Islam. Ali embraced Islam when he was a teenager.
Ali married the youngest daughter of Prophet Muhammad of Khadijah, Fatimah Az-Zahra.
Ali's persona is known to be very polite and intelligent. The Prophet even gave the nickname Ali ibn Abi Talib the gate of Islamic knowledge.
"I am the city of knowledge, while Ali ibn Abi Talib is the door" the Prophet said.
"There was a young man as great as Ali. If you want to know the science of Adam, the piety of Noah, the faithfulness of Abraham, the service of Isa, then look at the brilliance of Ali" said the Prophet.
In addition, the title of Ali ibn Abi Talib is Karamallhu Wajhahu which means that God glorifies him.
The figure of Ali was also involved in many wars with the Prophet, except during the war of Tabuk. At that time, Ali received an important task from the Prophet to guard the city of Medina.
In addition, Ali was also able to open the Khaibar Fort during the Khaibar war. At that time, no one could open it.
After the death of the Prophet, Ali bin Abi Talib was the successor to the leadership of Islam. He became the fourth or last rasyidine caliph. Ali continued the leadership of the Rashidun caliphs of Abu Bakr ash-Shidiq, Umar bin Khattab, and Usman bin Affan .
As a Rashidun caliph, Ali was in charge of leading Islam. During his tenure, he had the responsibility of expanding the Islamic religion, as well as the welfare of his people.
Ali's reign was called the most difficult period in Islamic history because of the civil war between Muslims after the tragedy of the death of the third caliph, Uthman bin Affan.
That is the advantage of Ali ibn Abi Talib when he became the last Rashidun caliph. In addition, he was also included in the ranks of ten names of Prophet's companions who were promised to enter heaven. Ali's performance was very good, especially in financial affairs, namely taking care of Baitul Mal. Ali was also able to advance the field of language science, increase development, and put down rebellions among Muslims.
