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COMPANIONS OF THE PROPHET WHO ENSHRINED THE QURAN
Abu Usamah or better known as Zaid bin Harithah bin Sharahil (Abu Ishaq read it Syurahbil) was a very special friend. So noble is he, to the extent that some sharia law also came down with regard to his story. History has revealed that the only friend whose name is enshrined by Allah SWT in the Qur’an (al-Ahzab verse 37) is Zaid bin Harithah.
He was also the only friend who had been appointed by the Prophet became an adopted son (mutabanna) so he was known as Zaid bin Muhammad. As explained by Imam Ibn Atsir in his Usd al-Ghabah.
A very dilemmatic story also befell Zaid when the fate of his marriage to Zainab bint Jahsy, a prominent woman of Quraysh descent from the tribe of As’ad, culminating in divorce. Zainab was finally married by the Prophet SAW.
Of course we ask, why did it happen. Why should the Prophet marry the ex-wife of his adopted son? The answer is not as simple as we imagine. One thing is certain, he was ordered directly from Allah SWT. And all of that was to eliminate the tradition of Arabs and Jews at that time who forbade a father to marry the ex-wife of his adopted son.
Intentionally designed by Allah SWT in order to avoid people's expectation of the existence of a prophet after the prophet Muhammad SAW, because usually the son of a prophet/apostle will inherit the prophethood of his father. In addition, the name of a person who is not a biological parent has the potential to damage a person's hereditary system, disrupting the determination of inheritance and marriage.
Zaid bin Haritsah was from the tribe of Bani Mu’in, his mother named Su’da bint Tsalabah. There is no exact information about the year of his birth, but Zaid died in the 8th year of Hijri when he became commander in the Mut’ah battle.
In the days of Jahiliyah, Zaid's mother paid a visit to her son's village, Bani Mu’in village. But suddenly a herd of cavalry from Bani al-Qin bin Jusr attacked the village and seized and captured anything of value from the village, including Zaid bin Harithah who eventually became a slave.
Zaid was taken to the Ukazh market and sold for 400 dirhams to Hakim bin Hizam bin Khuwailid, to his aunt Siti Khadijah bin Khuwailid.
Over time the news was heard by Zaid's father who also happened to be looking for his son. After meeting and expressing what he wanted to the Prophet, he finally could not say anything but give the full decision to Zayd, which is between choosing to stay with the apostle or go home to his parents.
But Zaid decided to stay with the Prophet and since then the Prophet proclaimed Zaid as his adopted son by the name of Zaid bin Muhammad.
The status of Zaid the “-personned” Muhammad lasted only a few years, because after that Allah forbade the practice of adopting children in such a way in al-Ahzab letters 5 and 37, respectively, and stated unequivocally that the Prophet Muhammad was not the father of any Muslim man in Surah al-Ahzab verse 40.
As evidence of the relationship between the father and son between the Prophet and Zaid at that time is with the pity of Zaid's former wife named Zainab bint Jahsh to be married by Prophet Muhammad SAW in the 5th year hijri which was previously forbidden in the jahiliyah arab tradition.
The scholars of hadith agree that Zaid bin Harithah was a just friend. Ibn Hajar referred to it in Tahdzib al-Tahdzib with Shahabiyyun Jalilun mashhurun (a famous noble friend).
He narrated several hadiths directly from the Prophet Muhammad SAW and among the friends who narrated hadith from him are Usamah bin Zaid (son of Zaid himself), Bara’ bin A’dzib, and others, Jublah bin Harithah (his brother), Abdullah bin Abbas and his son Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbas, Hudzail bin Syurahbil, and Abu al-A’liyah al-Rayyaahi.
The Hadiths of Zaid bin Harithah are found in the books of Sunan Nasa’i and Ibn Majah. That is a glimpse of the story of Zaid which the author took from several sources, in the hope that it can be exemplified struggle and grandeur.
